Cross-Linking in Collagen by Nonenzymatic Glycation Increases the Matrix Stiffness in Rabbit Achilles Tendon

Nonenzymatic glycation of connective tissue matrix proteins is a major contributor to the pathology of diabetes and aging. Previously the author and colleagues have shown that nonenzymatic glycation significantly enhances the matrix stability in the Achilles tendon (Reddy et al., 2002, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 399, 174–180). The present study was designed to gain further insight into glycation-induced collagen cross-linking and its relationship to matrix stiffness in the rabbit Achilles tendon. The glycation process was initiated by incubating the Achilles tendons (n = 6) in phosphate-buffered saline containing ribose, whereas control tendons (n = 6) were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline without ribose. Eight weeks following glycation, the biomechanical attributes as well as the degree of collagen cross-linking were determined to examine the potential associations between matrix stiffness and molecular properties of collagen. Compared to nonglycated tendons, the glycated tendons showed increased maximum load, stress, strain, Young's modulus of elasticity, and toughness indicating that glycation increases the matrix stiffness in the tendons. Glycation of tendons resulted in a considerable decrease in soluble collagen content and a significant increase in insoluble collagen and pentosidine. Analysis of potential associations between the matrix stiffness and degree of collagen cross-linking showed that both insoluble collagen and pentosidine exhibited a significant positive correlation with the maximum load, stress, and strain, Young's modulus of elasticity, and toughness (r values ranging from .61 to .94) in the Achilles tendons. However, the soluble collagen content present in neutral salt buffer, acetate buffer, and acetate buffer containing pepsin showed an inverse relation with the various biomechanical attributes tested (r values ranging from .22 to .84) in the Achilles tendons. The results of the study demonstrate that glycation-induced collagen cross-linking is directly associated with the increased matrix stiffness and other mechanical attributes of the tendon

Synthesis and characterization of BaTiO 3 and SrTiO 3 thin film capacitors with RuO 2 electrodes

Die Zusammenfassung ist als Teil der Dissertation enthalten, aber aufgrund vieler Sonderzeichen an dieser Stelle nicht anzeigbar

Hybrid Low Complex near Optimal Detector for Spatial Modulation

In our previous work maximum throughput in multi stream MIMO is analyzed by overcoming the inter antenna interference. To mitigate the Inter antenna interference spatial modulation can be used. Spatial Modulation(SM) aided MIMO systems are the emerging MIMO systems which are low complex and energy efficient. These systems additionally use spatial dimensions for transmitting information. In this paper a low complex detector based on matched filter is proposed for spatial modulation to achieve near maximum likelihood performance while avoiding exhaustive ML search since MF based detector exhibits a considerable reduced complexity since activated transmitting antenna and modulated amplitude phase modulation constellation are estimated separately. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed method with optimal ML detector, MRC and conventional matched filter methods

Syringopleural Shunt Insertion Using a Minimally Invasive Approach: Technical Note, Case Series, and Review of the Literature

Objective Syringomyelia is a rare neurosurgical condition that could benefit from insertion of a syringopleural shunt in selected symptomatic cases. Treatment of syringomyelia through minimally invasive intervention is an attractive alternative to open approach. The objective of this report is to demonstrate the technical aspect, assess the feasibility, outcomes, and complications of syringopleural shunt insertion through minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approach. Methods Single-center retrospective chart review was done on patients with syringomyelia who underwent insertion of syringopleural shunts using the Metrx QuadrantTM retractor system from January 1, 2008 to April 1, 2020. A technical report of the steps of the surgical intervention is also described. Results Ten procedures were performed on 9 patients with a mean follow-up of 7.2 years. The etiologies of syringomyelia included post-traumatic, Chiari malformation, idiopathic, and diastematomyelia. All patients underwent correction of underlying etiologies prior to insertion of syringopleural shunts. Six patients (67%) had sustained neurological improvement, and 3 (33%) had halted progression of myelopathy. One patient was admitted for urgent removal of newly inserted syringopleural shunt due to immediate postoperative neurological decline and subsequently returned to their neurological baseline. The remaining eight patients were discharged on the same day of surgery. Conclusion Minimally invasive techniques have not been widely utilized in the treatment of syringomyelia. Our case series presents a novel, minimally invasive technique for the insertion of a syringopleural shunt, with reduced hospital stay and durable outcomes. Further, our series demonstrates that this technique is feasible and safe in appropriately selected patients

A comparative study on placebo and trenaxamic acid for the prophylaxis is of post-partum hemorrhage: a randomised double-blind control study

Background: Obstetric haemorrhage accounts for 20-25% of maternal mortality and morbidity. Anti-fibrinolytics are being widely used in field of surgery. It is also used to reduce heavy menstrual blood loss. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of TXA in reducing blood loss during normal vaginal delivery.Methods: The randomized double-blind control study was done in the Labour ward. It was conducted on 100 women undergoing Normal vaginal delivery. They were allocated to either Study or Control group by randomization. TXA was given during the Third stage of delivery in study group in addition to the routine care whereas the control group had routine care alone. Blood loss was measured in both groups by bag method.Results: The significant of reduction in blood loss calculated from placental delivery to 2hrs. 141.9 ml in study group versus 270.4 ml in control group. Among primi patients, the control group average blood loss was 325ml, the study group avg blood loss was 169ml. Among G2 patients, the control group average blood loss was 248.5ml. The study group average blood loss was 128.25ml. Among G3 patients, the control group average blood loss was 203ml, the study group average blood loss was 115ml.Conclusions: TXA significantly reduced the amount of blood loss during normal vaginal delivery. Thus, TXA can be used safely and effectively in subjects undergoing normal vaginal delivery

Dynamic Analysis and Control of Redundant Manipulator for Agricultural Applications in a Virtual Environment

In the development of automated manipulators for fruit and vegetable picking technologies, the challenge of ensuring an efficient, stable, and loss-free picking process has been a complex problem. In such an environment, manipulators require the most efficient and robust control for effective operations. In this paper, a serial 9-DOF redundant manipulator (1P8R) is proposed with various controllers for trajectory tracking problems in agricultural applications. The dynamic analysis of redundant manipulator has been carried out using the Recursive Newton-Euler method. The joint configurations of the robot are determined using optimization techniques for specific Task Space Locations (TSLs) by avoiding obstacles. The process of generating joint trajectories has been implemented by considering the cubic polynomial function. For the task of controlling the robot trajectory tracking in the virtual agricultural environment, different combinations of Proportional (P), Integrative (I), Derivative (D), and Feed-Forward (FF) controllers are employed, and a comparative analysis has been performed among these controllers. To verify the performance of the manipulator, simulations are carried out in a virtual environment using Simulink software. Results show that the robot is able to reach specific TSL accurately with better control and it is found that the implementation of Feed-Forward and PID-CTC controllers has better performance in a complex environment

Evaluation of stability derivatives of an Ogive in a Newtonian limit

Stability derivatives for an ogive are obtained in the limiting case of the Mach number when it tends to infinity. The derivative in stiffness declines with the position of the pivot for the whole extent of semi-vertex angles. For half wedge angles from 20 to 25 degrees, there is a thoughtful expansion in the derivative of Stiffness. The derivative of damping declines through the pivot point for different directions of semi-vertex and accomplishes a minimal value at h = 0.75. Afterward, together with expansion in the pivot point, there is an in-direct augmentation in damping derivatives. There is a broad variation in the mathematical worth for more incredible semi-vertex perspectives in the scope of 20 degrees and above. The derivative in Stiffness increases with the angle of the semi-vertex for different varied positions of the pivot. The derivative in damping with the angle of semi vertex for varied fixed positions of pivot supposedly increases directly with the angle of semi vertex. It is additionally seen that this pattern of linear increment will, in general, get non-direct for the angle of the semi vertex in the extent of 20 degrees and past